english24 - words - level 5

#	word
1	astronomical	[ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪk(ə)l]
astronomical [ adjective ] definition: If something is astronomical, then it is extremely large. example: It’s an astronomical distance between the Milky Way galaxy and the nearest galaxy. Extra definition Relating to astronomy: (Of an amount) extremely large: Extra example The Moon could also become the principal astronomical observation platform in the solar system. The first known astronomical observations made by Galileo were carried out in 1604 for different reasons. This discovery was of great importance to the astronomical world, but Hubble's greatest moment was yet to come. It is spending astronomical amounts of money, alienating allies and further antagonizing opponents. If you add all the money raised for cancer research each year, you will have an astronomical amount. Even some of the more hardened observers are stunned by the astronomical amounts of money that can be made. Synonyms celestial, planetary, stellar, astronomic, heavenly Idioms -
2	atom	[ˈætəm]
atom [ noun ] definition: An atom is the smallest unit of a substance. example: A molecule consists of a combination of two or more atoms. Extra definition The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist. Atomic particles as a source of nuclear energy: An extremely small amount of something: A level of amateur sport, typically involving children aged between nine and eleven: Extra example Once removed from an atom, an electron may in turn ionize other atoms or molecules. Dr Lewis said the acrosome reaction involved the channelling of charged calcium atoms, or ions. Lam says that teleporting single atoms and molecules could be perfected within the next ten years. Heisenberg is already very famous as a scientist, and when the war starts, he will work for the Nazis trying to split the atom and develop an atomic bomb. Rutherford knew that alpha particles, which readily pierced the atom's cloud of electrons, didn't have enough energy to penetrate and pry apart the nucleus. They showed us how to split the atom and harness nuclear fuel so that we might finally meet them as equals. It is the height of hypocrisy for him to complain that Darwinism lacks causal specificity when his own theory lacks any specificity, including one atom of historical concreteness. Was this, as I suspected in every atom of my being, a cooked sausage that just wasn't properly cooked? I will not fail to bring to your notice that this transaction is hitch free and that you should not entertain any atom of fear as all required arrangements have been made for the transfer. The local Foothills Elite North 93 team won the major atom title, beating the Red Deer Rustlers 5-2. After having fielded a bantam team for several years, the Storm is now putting together an atom program open to players aged nine and 10. His hour-long presentation in the curling lounge at the Omniplex proved helpful to many people attending including Chad Anker, an atom level coach from Calgary. Synonyms - Idioms -
3	breadth	[brɛdθ,brɛtθ]
breadth [ noun ] definition: Breadth is the distance from one side to the other side of something. example: The breadth of the northern wall of the house is twenty meters. Extra definition The distance or measurement from side to side of something; width: Wide range or extent: A piece of cloth of standard or full width. Extra example Daytona is mammoth, in breadth and length and height. We measured length and maximum breadth of eggs laid by all study pairs using vernier calipers. To the left of the compartment was a gap of about eight inches in breadth and fourteen in length. Only the love of life gives the artist his unreserved truthfulness towards everything that he perceives and reproduces, his breadth, scope and depth of vision. His depth of technique and breadth of experience make for an authoritative debut. They report greater breadth of experience through seeing a wider range of patients and the opportunity to learn from each other's specialist knowledge. The active cutter boy quickly steps to and fro, preparing another breadth of cloth for a similar operation. The rest of the part of the sleeves freely hung down to the floor in a triangle breadth of cloth. Synonyms width, broadness, wideness, thickness; span, spread; diameter; range, extent, scope, width, depth, amplitude, extensiveness, comprehensiveness, all-inclusiveness; spread, sweep, reach, compass, magnitude, scale, degree Idioms the length and ˈbreadth of… in or to all parts of a place
4	circumference	[səˈkʌmf(ə)rəns]
circumference [ noun ] definition: A circumference is the distance completely around a circular object. example: The circumference of the Earth is obviously much larger than a baseball’s. Extra definition The enclosing boundary of a curved geometric figure, especially a circle. The distance around something: Extra example His last work was on the cycloid, the curve traced by a point on the circumference of a rolling circle. The perimeter of the inner polygon is shorter than the circumference of the circle. We should have a polygon inscribed in the circle the sides of which coincide with the circumference of the circle. A hailstone with a 7-inch diameter and a circumference of 18.75 inches was recently named the largest hailstone ever recovered in the United States. After measuring a drum shade, add 1 inch to the circumference and 3 inches to the height. The winner of the under ten category was Scarlet, whose pumpkin had a circumference of 57 inches. Synonyms perimeter, border, boundary; edge, rim, verge, margin, outline, fringe; bounds, limits, extremity, confines girth, width Idioms -
5	comet	[ˈkɒmɪt]
comet [ noun ] definition: A comet is an object in space made of ice and rock with a tail of glowing dust. example: Comets take many decades to complete an orbit around a star. Extra definition A celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a ‘tail’ of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun. Extra example Some explanations for extinctions and evolution include strikes by asteroids or comets. We have just discussed some of the positive benefits of planetary impact by comets and asteroids. There are vast numbers of comets in the solar system, more than there are asteroids, but most lie out of sight beyond Pluto. Synonyms - Idioms -
6	crater	[ˈkreɪtə]
crater [ noun ] definition: A crater is a large hole in a planet’s or moon’s surface. example: They could clearly see the big crater on the moon through the telescope. Extra definition A small and faint southern constellation (the Cup), between Hydra and Leo, said to represent the goblet of Apollo. Used with preceding letter or numeral to designate a star in this constellation: Extra example - Synonyms - Idioms -
7	crescent	[ˈkrɛs(ə)nt]
crescent [ noun ] definition: A crescent is the curved shape lit on the moon’s face during its early and late stages. example: Ten days ago the entire moon was bright, but now only a small crescent is shining. Extra definition Having the shape of a crescent: Growing, increasing, or developing. Extra example We had rolls and butter, corn on the cob, mashed potatoes, cabbage salad, and pastries that were shaped like crescent moons and stuffed with roast meat and apples. Each charm is an alternating crescent moon and star shape. It was a large oval surrounded by to crescent moon shapes. The crescent ray grew to immense proportions and then flew downward. Synonyms - Idioms -
8	debris	[ˈdɛ(ɪ)briː]
debris [ noun ] definition: Debris is the small pieces scattered from something wrecked or destroyed. example: The debris from the cube scattered on the floor. Extra definition Scattered pieces of rubbish or remains: Loose natural material consisting especially of broken pieces of rock: Extra example The plane came down about 100 yards from a row of terrace houses, showering some gardens with debris. Fire services and Gardai also attended the scene of the crash and debris was scattered over both sides of the road. Some of the bodies remained under debris as rescue workers cleared rubble. As the ice moves it can erode or excavate large quantities of the rock and unconsolidated debris on which it rests. Turbulent tides have churned up the sea bed, disturbing rocks and natural debris such as drift wood. Why then was there so little accumulation of sedimentary rock and debris on the ocean floor? Synonyms detritus, refuse, rubbish, waste, waste matter, discarded matter, litter, scrap, dross, chaff, flotsam and jetsam, lumber, rubble, wreckage, spoilage; remains, remnants, fragments, scraps, dregs, offscourings, odds and ends; slag; Idioms -
9	despair	[dɪsˈpɛə]
despair [ noun ] definition: Despair is the complete loss of hope. example: After the other company won the account, our salespeople were filled with despair. Extra definition Lose or be without hope: Extra example Others were simply despairing, sighing that it had lost its magic, that it had sold its soul to charter flights and overdevelopment. He was far too young to die and I despaired that I was his only hope. Some are hopeful, some are despairing and some are poignant. Synonyms lose hope, give up hope, abandon hope, give up, lose heart, be discouraged, be despondent, be demoralized, resign oneself, throw in the towel/sponge, quit, surrender; be pessimistic, look on the black side archaic despond Idioms be the despair of somebody to make somebody worried or unhappy, because they cannot help a counsel of desˈpair advice not to try to do something because it is too difficult
10	embed	[ɪmˈbɛd]
embed [ verb ] definition: To embed something means to place it firmly within a surrounding thing. example: The logger embedded the ax into the wood after chopping several logs. Extra definition A journalist who is attached to a military unit during a conflict. Extra example The ‘real superstars of this war were those media journalists who were embeds,’ Wilkinson went on, boasting, ‘General Franks signs my cheque and I make news based on his terms.’ Not all the reporters assigned as embeds wanted the slot. Some independent-minded journalists chaffed at embed restrictions, which required embeds to stay with assigned units. Synonyms - Idioms -
11	fragment	[fræɡˈmɛnt]
fragment [ noun ] definition: A fragment is a small part of something. example: After the light broke, there were fragments of glass to clean up. Extra definition Break or cause to break into fragments: Extra example What impression can voters have of a party that is fragmenting and apparently collapsing? Other issues included a lack of tendering and contract law and fragmented control of projects. The fact that air traffic control is fragmented is resulting in flight delays all over Europe. Synonyms break up, break, break into pieces, crack open/apart, shatter, splinter, fracture, burst apart, explode, blow apart, implode; disintegrate, come to pieces, fall to pieces, fall apart, collapse, break down, tumble down; smash, smash to smithereens Idioms -
12	galaxy	[ˈɡæləksɪ]
galaxy [ noun ] definition: A galaxy is any extremely large collection of star systems. example: Our solar system is located in the outer area of our galaxy. Extra definition A system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction. The galaxy of which the solar system is a part; the Milky Way. A large group of impressive people or things: Extra example There are reckoned to be about 400 billion stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. New planetary star systems and galaxies are being discovered almost daily. Or it may expand so fast that gravity could never pull galaxies together again. And he needs to be president of the Galaxy to do it. We realized that our Galaxy was just one of many billions of galaxies in the universe. On another note, this story takes place now, just in a different part of the galaxy. To create his galaxy of impressions, Baxter watched television avidly, even backstage between stage shows. The official website is now a positive galaxy of useful stuff. RSS-fortified radio on mobile phones opens a whole galaxy of possibilities. Synonyms star system, solar system, constellation, cluster, nebula; spiral galaxy, Seyfert galaxy; stars, heavens brilliant gathering, dazzling assemblage, illustrious group; host, multitude, array, mass, bevy, horde, company, army, flock, group Idioms -
13	gigantic	[dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk]
gigantic [ adjective ] definition: If something is gigantic, then it is extremely large. example: Some dinosaurs were so gigantic that they were the size of buildings. Extra definition Of very great size or extent; huge or enormous: Extra example What started as a small bonfire has grown to the size of a gigantic tip. There was a gigantic tower on the bar graph for the number of people who were sick on a Monday. I get confused between giant prawns, crayfish and langoustine, but these were gigantic. Synonyms huge, enormous, vast, extensive, expansive, broad, wide; very big/large, great, giant, massive, colossal, mammoth, immense, tremendous, mighty, stupendous, monumental; boundless, immeasurable, limitless, infinite, cosmic; Idioms -
14	gloom	[ɡluːm]
gloom [ noun ] definition: Gloom is a state of being almost completely dark. example: In the gloom of the morning, it was difficult to see the boat on the lake. Extra definition Have a dark or sombre appearance: Make dark or dismal: Be or look depressed or despondent: Extra example Lucia looked outside and saw grey smoldered clouds glooming over her house, the redness of dawn shined behind its gloomy mask. Pretty soon, she was deep into her daydreams and didn't realize the peeved teacher glooming over her desk. He got to the end and stopped; a deadly silence gloomed. Of course they have every right to celebrate, after glooming for so long and not knowing what's going to happen, this serves as their first big break. Light and dark, the sun and the moon - don't let these dualities lead you to gloom. But sometimes, even how happy your day was there would come an instance where the sun would hide and we feel gloomed. Synonyms - Idioms a general feeling of having lost all hope, and of pessimism ( = expecting things to go badly) pile on the ˈagony/ˈgloom to make an unpleasant situation worse
15	radiate	[ˈreɪdɪɪt]
radiate [ verb ] definition: To radiate means to send out energy or heat. example: The heat from the fireplace radiated throughout the room. Extra definition Arranged in or having a radial pattern: Extra example The flowers of the outer whorl of the head generally have five elongated petals united to form straplike structures and are restricted to the periphery of the radiate head. Cronos glared up into the tree of life's radiate rainbow colored leaves. Synonyms - Idioms -
16	roam	[rəʊm]
roam [ verb ] definition: To roam means to move around without a plan or purpose. example: All day the cows roamed around the field eating grass. Extra definition An aimless walk. Extra example - Synonyms - Idioms -
17	solitary	[ˈsɒlɪt(ə)rɪ]
solitary [ adjective ] definition: If something is solitary, then it is lonely or the only one. example: The only thing in the room was a solitary chair. Extra definition A recluse or hermit: short for solitary confinement. Extra example This question applies with particular acuteness to the situation of hermits or solitaries. Who would have thought that Christian solitaries from the Egyptian desert of late antiquity would speak with such authority to us today? For the significance of the outlaw to Dylan is less that of the rebel and more the solitary who rejects established religion for the direct inspiration of truth. Does he get punished, does he ever get in the solitary? Consequently, a further 200 prisoners who did a solitary stretch may now seek a wad of cash, courtesy of the taxpayer, taking the total to millions of dollars. After leaving solitary, he will ultimately be sent to a different minimum-security facility. Synonyms loner, lone wolf, introvert, recluse, hermit; in Japan hikikomori rare eremite, anchorite, anchoress, stylite, cenobite Idioms -
18	spectrum	[ˈspɛkt\|rəm], [-ˈspɛktrəmz]
spectrum [ noun ] definition: The spectrum is the full range of color ranging from red to violet. example: You can see the entire spectrum in a rainbow. Extra definition A band of colours, as seen in a rainbow, produced by separation of the components of light by their different degrees of refraction according to wavelength. The entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. A characteristic series of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by a substance. The components of a sound or other phenomenon arranged according to such characteristics as frequency, charge, and energy. Used to classify something in terms of its position on a scale between two extreme points: A wide range: Extra example If viewed through a prism, however, there is a decomposition of the light into the colors of the spectrum, each with different wavelengths. He has used the spectrum of colours in the rainbow effectively to create an atmosphere of calm. He is shown seated before his famous invention: a ruling machine for producing concave diffraction gratings, which are slightly curved metal plates scored with minutely spaced lines that diffract light into spectra. Light, the diet of eyes, constitutes a tiny part of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. In the meantime over twenty presentations internationally have moved to show that across the spectrum electromagnetic fields are genotoxic, that is they damage DNA. But apricot can add a spring-like touch as well, since it falls more in the yellow-orange range of the spectrum. The adsorption and emission of spectra characteristic of atoms also suggested that they were due to the oscillations of charged particles on the atomic or sub-atomic scale. One method they use, fluorescence spectroscopy, involves recording optical spectra from molecules absorbing and emitting light. It should be noted that immunoglobulins often can be found throughout the electrophoretic spectrum. The properties ascribed to electrons, for instance, such as their charge and half-integral spin, were themselves responses to quite specific experimental findings involving discharge tube phenomena and spectra. The height of the spectrum indicates the extent of that frequency's contribution to the variance of the growth rate. Radio spectrum can also be mapped in other ways, onto territory. Modern biology has come to occupy an extreme position in the spectrum of the sciences, dominated by historical explanations of the evolutionary adventures of genes. But, largely thanks to the Blairite project, the gap that separates the Tories and Labour has dramatically moved its position on the political spectrum. If Churchill is so violently attacked by both extremes of the political spectrum, we can assume that he cannot have been that bad. The budding writers touched upon a wide spectrum of issues ranging from suspense, fantasy, ghosts, sporting rivalry to philosophy and science fiction. You've seen their work in a wide spectrum of venues ranging from Fast Forward to Time magazine, and now you can see it in person. Economic geography supposedly has a wide spectrum of subjects, ranging from agrarian and pastoral economies to resource utilization and changes in land use. Synonyms range, gamut, sweep, scope, span; scale; variety; Idioms -
19	sphere	[sfɪə]
sphere [ noun ] definition: A sphere is a three-dimensional round shape, like a ball. example: The balloons were inflated into a variety of colorful spheres. Extra definition Enclose in or as if in a sphere: Form into a rounded or perfect whole: Extra example - Synonyms - Idioms -
20	status	[ˈsteɪtəs]
status [ noun ] definition: Status is the position of something or someone in relation to others. example: She had achieved the status of being the smartest girl in the class. Extra definition Relative social or professional position; standing: High rank or social standing: The official classification given to a person, country, or organization, determining their rights or responsibilities: The situation at a particular time during a process: A posting on a social networking website that indicates a user’s current situation, state of mind, or opinion about something: Extra example What is the status of professional codes of ethics relative to federal regulations? As he points out, winning a major wasn't easy for a British professional of his status. These primal, foundational accounts describe aspects of the real, experienced world and humanity's role and relative statuses within it. I watched him grow through college and Minor ranks to Senior star status over the years. Many observers noted that this system worked only as long as the officer enjoyed high social status. Even in a community steeped in wealth and status, the Tanners were a distinguished clan. The reality is that a single organization can have multiple statuses, as determined by the functions it performs. The present study describes New Zealand women prisoners' patterns of official institutional misconduct and their security classification statuses. A player's status can be determined by the status of the clubs with which he is linked. I want regular reports on our status, and the legions are to be kept on constant alert. A spokesman for Aberdeen also refused to shed any light on the status of the bidding process. The SHB annual report also reveals the status of a number of capital projects in the county. So, if I were to meet someone new, at what point am I supposed to change my status so that it smugly reads "In A Relationship"? A man was convicted today of murdering his partner less than a fortnight after she changed her status to single on Facebook. In March he changed his status on website Facebook from "Married" to "It's complicated" then changed it back in April. Synonyms standing, rank, ranking, position, social position, station, level, footing, place; repute, reputation, estimation, stature archaic condition, degree, report prestige, kudos, cachet, standing, stature, prestigiousness, reputation, repute, (good) name, regard, fame, note, renown, honour, esteem, estimation, image, account, rank, character, celebrity, importance, prominence, consequence, class, distinction, laurels, influence, weight, authority, supremacy, eminence, superiority; New Zealand mana; Indian izzat Idioms -

astronomical [ adjective ]

definition: If something is astronomical, then it is extremely large.

example: It’s an astronomical distance between the Milky Way galaxy and the nearest galaxy.

Extra definition

Relating to astronomy:

(Of an amount) extremely large:

Extra example

The Moon could also become the principal astronomical observation platform in the solar system.

The first known astronomical observations made by Galileo were carried out in 1604 for different reasons.

This discovery was of great importance to the astronomical world, but Hubble's greatest moment was yet to come.

It is spending astronomical amounts of money, alienating allies and further antagonizing opponents.

If you add all the money raised for cancer research each year, you will have an astronomical amount.

Even some of the more hardened observers are stunned by the astronomical amounts of money that can be made.

Synonyms

celestial, planetary, stellar, astronomic, heavenly

Idioms

-

atom [ noun ]

definition: An atom is the smallest unit of a substance.

example: A molecule consists of a combination of two or more atoms.

Extra definition

The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist.

Atomic particles as a source of nuclear energy:

An extremely small amount of something:

A level of amateur sport, typically involving children aged between nine and eleven:

Extra example

Once removed from an atom, an electron may in turn ionize other atoms or molecules.

Dr Lewis said the acrosome reaction involved the channelling of charged calcium atoms, or ions.

Lam says that teleporting single atoms and molecules could be perfected within the next ten years.

Heisenberg is already very famous as a scientist, and when the war starts, he will work for the Nazis trying to split the atom and develop an atomic bomb.

Rutherford knew that alpha particles, which readily pierced the atom's cloud of electrons, didn't have enough energy to penetrate and pry apart the nucleus.

They showed us how to split the atom and harness nuclear fuel so that we might finally meet them as equals.

It is the height of hypocrisy for him to complain that Darwinism lacks causal specificity when his own theory lacks any specificity, including one atom of historical concreteness.

Was this, as I suspected in every atom of my being, a cooked sausage that just wasn't properly cooked?

I will not fail to bring to your notice that this transaction is hitch free and that you should not entertain any atom of fear as all required arrangements have been made for the transfer.

The local Foothills Elite North 93 team won the major atom title, beating the Red Deer Rustlers 5-2.

After having fielded a bantam team for several years, the Storm is now putting together an atom program open to players aged nine and 10.

His hour-long presentation in the curling lounge at the Omniplex proved helpful to many people attending including Chad Anker, an atom level coach from Calgary.

Synonyms

-

Idioms

-

breadth [ noun ]

definition: Breadth is the distance from one side to the other side of something.

example: The breadth of the northern wall of the house is twenty meters.

Extra definition

The distance or measurement from side to side of something; width:

Wide range or extent:

A piece of cloth of standard or full width.

Extra example

Daytona is mammoth, in breadth and length and height.

We measured length and maximum breadth of eggs laid by all study pairs using vernier calipers.

To the left of the compartment was a gap of about eight inches in breadth and fourteen in length.

Only the love of life gives the artist his unreserved truthfulness towards everything that he perceives and reproduces, his breadth, scope and depth of vision.

His depth of technique and breadth of experience make for an authoritative debut.

They report greater breadth of experience through seeing a wider range of patients and the opportunity to learn from each other's specialist knowledge.

The active cutter boy quickly steps to and fro, preparing another breadth of cloth for a similar operation.

The rest of the part of the sleeves freely hung down to the floor in a triangle breadth of cloth.

Synonyms

width, broadness, wideness, thickness;

span, spread;

diameter;

range, extent, scope, width, depth, amplitude, extensiveness, comprehensiveness, all-inclusiveness;

spread, sweep, reach, compass, magnitude, scale, degree

Idioms

the length and ˈbreadth of…
in or to all parts of a place

circumference [ noun ]

definition: A circumference is the distance completely around a circular object.

example: The circumference of the Earth is obviously much larger than a baseball’s.

Extra definition

The enclosing boundary of a curved geometric figure, especially a circle.

The distance around something:

Extra example

His last work was on the cycloid, the curve traced by a point on the circumference of a rolling circle.

The perimeter of the inner polygon is shorter than the circumference of the circle.

We should have a polygon inscribed in the circle the sides of which coincide with the circumference of the circle.

A hailstone with a 7-inch diameter and a circumference of 18.75 inches was recently named the largest hailstone ever recovered in the United States.

After measuring a drum shade, add 1 inch to the circumference and 3 inches to the height.

The winner of the under ten category was Scarlet, whose pumpkin had a circumference of 57 inches.

Synonyms

perimeter, border, boundary;

edge, rim, verge, margin, outline, fringe;

bounds, limits, extremity, confines

girth, width

Idioms

-

comet [ noun ]

definition: A comet is an object in space made of ice and rock with a tail of glowing dust.

example: Comets take many decades to complete an orbit around a star.

Extra definition

A celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a ‘tail’ of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun.

Extra example

Some explanations for extinctions and evolution include strikes by asteroids or comets.

We have just discussed some of the positive benefits of planetary impact by comets and asteroids.

There are vast numbers of comets in the solar system, more than there are asteroids, but most lie out of sight beyond Pluto.

Synonyms

-

Idioms

-

crater [ noun ]

definition: A crater is a large hole in a planet’s or moon’s surface.

example: They could clearly see the big crater on the moon through the telescope.

Extra definition

A small and faint southern constellation (the Cup), between Hydra and Leo, said to represent the goblet of Apollo.

Used with preceding letter or numeral to designate a star in this constellation:

Extra example

-

Synonyms

-

Idioms

-

crescent [ noun ]

definition: A crescent is the curved shape lit on the moon’s face during its early and late stages.

example: Ten days ago the entire moon was bright, but now only a small crescent is shining.

Extra definition

Having the shape of a crescent:

Growing, increasing, or developing.

Extra example

We had rolls and butter, corn on the cob, mashed potatoes, cabbage salad, and pastries that were shaped like crescent moons and stuffed with roast meat and apples.

Each charm is an alternating crescent moon and star shape.

It was a large oval surrounded by to crescent moon shapes.

The crescent ray grew to immense proportions and then flew downward.

Synonyms

-

Idioms

-

debris [ noun ]

definition: Debris is the small pieces scattered from something wrecked or destroyed.

example: The debris from the cube scattered on the floor.

Extra definition

Scattered pieces of rubbish or remains:

Loose natural material consisting especially of broken pieces of rock:

Extra example

The plane came down about 100 yards from a row of terrace houses, showering some gardens with debris.

Fire services and Gardai also attended the scene of the crash and debris was scattered over both sides of the road.

Some of the bodies remained under debris as rescue workers cleared rubble.

As the ice moves it can erode or excavate large quantities of the rock and unconsolidated debris on which it rests.

Turbulent tides have churned up the sea bed, disturbing rocks and natural debris such as drift wood.

Why then was there so little accumulation of sedimentary rock and debris on the ocean floor?

Synonyms

detritus, refuse, rubbish, waste, waste matter, discarded matter, litter, scrap, dross, chaff, flotsam and jetsam, lumber, rubble, wreckage, spoilage;

remains, remnants, fragments, scraps, dregs, offscourings, odds and ends;

slag;

Idioms

-

despair [ noun ]

definition: Despair is the complete loss of hope.

example: After the other company won the account, our salespeople were filled with despair.

Extra definition

Lose or be without hope:

Extra example

Others were simply despairing, sighing that it had lost its magic, that it had sold its soul to charter flights and overdevelopment.

He was far too young to die and I despaired that I was his only hope.

Some are hopeful, some are despairing and some are poignant.

Synonyms

lose hope, give up hope, abandon hope, give up, lose heart, be discouraged, be despondent, be demoralized, resign oneself, throw in the towel/sponge, quit, surrender;

be pessimistic, look on the black side

archaic despond

Idioms

be the despair of somebody
to make somebody worried or unhappy, because they cannot help

a counsel of desˈpair
advice not to try to do something because it is too difficult

embed [ verb ]

definition: To embed something means to place it firmly within a surrounding thing.

example: The logger embedded the ax into the wood after chopping several logs.

Extra definition

A journalist who is attached to a military unit during a conflict.

Extra example

The ‘real superstars of this war were those media journalists who were embeds,’ Wilkinson went on, boasting, ‘General Franks signs my cheque and I make news based on his terms.’

Not all the reporters assigned as embeds wanted the slot.

Some independent-minded journalists chaffed at embed restrictions, which required embeds to stay with assigned units.

Synonyms

-

Idioms

-

fragment [ noun ]

definition: A fragment is a small part of something.

example: After the light broke, there were fragments of glass to clean up.

Extra definition

Break or cause to break into fragments:

Extra example

What impression can voters have of a party that is fragmenting and apparently collapsing?

Other issues included a lack of tendering and contract law and fragmented control of projects.

The fact that air traffic control is fragmented is resulting in flight delays all over Europe.

Synonyms

break up, break, break into pieces, crack open/apart, shatter, splinter, fracture, burst apart, explode, blow apart, implode;

disintegrate, come to pieces, fall to pieces, fall apart, collapse, break down, tumble down;

smash, smash to smithereens

Idioms

-

galaxy [ noun ]

definition: A galaxy is any extremely large collection of star systems.

example: Our solar system is located in the outer area of our galaxy.

Extra definition

A system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.

The galaxy of which the solar system is a part; the Milky Way.

A large group of impressive people or things:

Extra example

There are reckoned to be about 400 billion stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way.

New planetary star systems and galaxies are being discovered almost daily.

Or it may expand so fast that gravity could never pull galaxies together again.

And he needs to be president of the Galaxy to do it.

We realized that our Galaxy was just one of many billions of galaxies in the universe.

On another note, this story takes place now, just in a different part of the galaxy.

To create his galaxy of impressions, Baxter watched television avidly, even backstage between stage shows.

The official website is now a positive galaxy of useful stuff.

RSS-fortified radio on mobile phones opens a whole galaxy of possibilities.

Synonyms

star system, solar system, constellation, cluster, nebula;

spiral galaxy, Seyfert galaxy;

stars, heavens

brilliant gathering, dazzling assemblage, illustrious group;

host, multitude, array, mass, bevy, horde, company, army, flock, group

Idioms

-

gigantic [ adjective ]

definition: If something is gigantic, then it is extremely large.

example: Some dinosaurs were so gigantic that they were the size of buildings.

Extra definition

Of very great size or extent; huge or enormous:

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What started as a small bonfire has grown to the size of a gigantic tip.

There was a gigantic tower on the bar graph for the number of people who were sick on a Monday.

I get confused between giant prawns, crayfish and langoustine, but these were gigantic.

Synonyms

huge, enormous, vast, extensive, expansive, broad, wide;

very big/large, great, giant, massive, colossal, mammoth, immense, tremendous, mighty, stupendous, monumental;

boundless, immeasurable, limitless, infinite, cosmic;

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gloom [ noun ]

definition: Gloom is a state of being almost completely dark.

example: In the gloom of the morning, it was difficult to see the boat on the lake.

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Have a dark or sombre appearance:

Make dark or dismal:

Be or look depressed or despondent:

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Lucia looked outside and saw grey smoldered clouds glooming over her house, the redness of dawn shined behind its gloomy mask.

Pretty soon, she was deep into her daydreams and didn't realize the peeved teacher glooming over her desk.

He got to the end and stopped; a deadly silence gloomed.

Of course they have every right to celebrate, after glooming for so long and not knowing what's going to happen, this serves as their first big break.

Light and dark, the sun and the moon - don't let these dualities lead you to gloom.

But sometimes, even how happy your day was there would come an instance where the sun would hide and we feel gloomed.

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a general feeling of having lost all hope, and of pessimism ( = expecting things to go badly)

pile on the ˈagony/ˈgloom
to make an unpleasant situation worse

radiate [ verb ]

definition: To radiate means to send out energy or heat.

example: The heat from the fireplace radiated throughout the room.

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Arranged in or having a radial pattern:

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The flowers of the outer whorl of the head generally have five elongated petals united to form straplike structures and are restricted to the periphery of the radiate head.

Cronos glared up into the tree of life's radiate rainbow colored leaves.

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roam [ verb ]

definition: To roam means to move around without a plan or purpose.

example: All day the cows roamed around the field eating grass.

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An aimless walk.

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solitary [ adjective ]

definition: If something is solitary, then it is lonely or the only one.

example: The only thing in the room was a solitary chair.

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A recluse or hermit:

short for solitary confinement.

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This question applies with particular acuteness to the situation of hermits or solitaries.

Who would have thought that Christian solitaries from the Egyptian desert of late antiquity would speak with such authority to us today?

For the significance of the outlaw to Dylan is less that of the rebel and more the solitary who rejects established religion for the direct inspiration of truth.

Does he get punished, does he ever get in the solitary?

Consequently, a further 200 prisoners who did a solitary stretch may now seek a wad of cash, courtesy of the taxpayer, taking the total to millions of dollars.

After leaving solitary, he will ultimately be sent to a different minimum-security facility.

Synonyms

loner, lone wolf, introvert, recluse, hermit;

in Japan hikikomori

rare eremite, anchorite, anchoress, stylite, cenobite

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spectrum [ noun ]

definition: The spectrum is the full range of color ranging from red to violet.

example: You can see the entire spectrum in a rainbow.

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A band of colours, as seen in a rainbow, produced by separation of the components of light by their different degrees of refraction according to wavelength.

The entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.

A characteristic series of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by a substance.

The components of a sound or other phenomenon arranged according to such characteristics as frequency, charge, and energy.

Used to classify something in terms of its position on a scale between two extreme points:

A wide range:

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If viewed through a prism, however, there is a decomposition of the light into the colors of the spectrum, each with different wavelengths.

He has used the spectrum of colours in the rainbow effectively to create an atmosphere of calm.

He is shown seated before his famous invention: a ruling machine for producing concave diffraction gratings, which are slightly curved metal plates scored with minutely spaced lines that diffract light into spectra.

Light, the diet of eyes, constitutes a tiny part of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.

In the meantime over twenty presentations internationally have moved to show that across the spectrum electromagnetic fields are genotoxic, that is they damage DNA.

But apricot can add a spring-like touch as well, since it falls more in the yellow-orange range of the spectrum.

The adsorption and emission of spectra characteristic of atoms also suggested that they were due to the oscillations of charged particles on the atomic or sub-atomic scale.

One method they use, fluorescence spectroscopy, involves recording optical spectra from molecules absorbing and emitting light.

It should be noted that immunoglobulins often can be found throughout the electrophoretic spectrum.

The properties ascribed to electrons, for instance, such as their charge and half-integral spin, were themselves responses to quite specific experimental findings involving discharge tube phenomena and spectra.

The height of the spectrum indicates the extent of that frequency's contribution to the variance of the growth rate.

Radio spectrum can also be mapped in other ways, onto territory.

Modern biology has come to occupy an extreme position in the spectrum of the sciences, dominated by historical explanations of the evolutionary adventures of genes.

But, largely thanks to the Blairite project, the gap that separates the Tories and Labour has dramatically moved its position on the political spectrum.

If Churchill is so violently attacked by both extremes of the political spectrum, we can assume that he cannot have been that bad.

The budding writers touched upon a wide spectrum of issues ranging from suspense, fantasy, ghosts, sporting rivalry to philosophy and science fiction.

You've seen their work in a wide spectrum of venues ranging from Fast Forward to Time magazine, and now you can see it in person.

Economic geography supposedly has a wide spectrum of subjects, ranging from agrarian and pastoral economies to resource utilization and changes in land use.

Synonyms

range, gamut, sweep, scope, span;

scale;

variety;

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sphere [ noun ]

definition: A sphere is a three-dimensional round shape, like a ball.

example: The balloons were inflated into a variety of colorful spheres.

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Enclose in or as if in a sphere:

Form into a rounded or perfect whole:

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status [ noun ]

definition: Status is the position of something or someone in relation to others.

example: She had achieved the status of being the smartest girl in the class.

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Relative social or professional position; standing:

High rank or social standing:

The official classification given to a person, country, or organization, determining their rights or responsibilities:

The situation at a particular time during a process:

A posting on a social networking website that indicates a user’s current situation, state of mind, or opinion about something:

Extra example

What is the status of professional codes of ethics relative to federal regulations?

As he points out, winning a major wasn't easy for a British professional of his status.

These primal, foundational accounts describe aspects of the real, experienced world and humanity's role and relative statuses within it.

I watched him grow through college and Minor ranks to Senior star status over the years.

Many observers noted that this system worked only as long as the officer enjoyed high social status.

Even in a community steeped in wealth and status, the Tanners were a distinguished clan.

The reality is that a single organization can have multiple statuses, as determined by the functions it performs.

The present study describes New Zealand women prisoners' patterns of official institutional misconduct and their security classification statuses.

A player's status can be determined by the status of the clubs with which he is linked.

I want regular reports on our status, and the legions are to be kept on constant alert.

A spokesman for Aberdeen also refused to shed any light on the status of the bidding process.

The SHB annual report also reveals the status of a number of capital projects in the county.

So, if I were to meet someone new, at what point am I supposed to change my status so that it smugly reads "In A Relationship"?

A man was convicted today of murdering his partner less than a fortnight after she changed her status to single on Facebook.

In March he changed his status on website Facebook from "Married" to "It's complicated" then changed it back in April.

Synonyms

standing, rank, ranking, position, social position, station, level, footing, place;

repute, reputation, estimation, stature

archaic condition, degree, report

prestige, kudos, cachet, standing, stature, prestigiousness, reputation, repute, (good) name, regard, fame, note, renown, honour, esteem, estimation, image, account, rank, character, celebrity, importance, prominence, consequence, class, distinction, laurels, influence, weight, authority, supremacy, eminence, superiority;

New Zealand mana;

Indian izzat

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Level 5, Unit 23

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